Like most modern operating systems, Linux is designed to be a secure multi-user system. Each system, therefore, needs a system administrator with the ability to manage user accounts. That means creating accounts, assigning privileges to them, and deleting them when they are no longer required. It is always best practice to delete the accounts of dis-continued users (provided that you are sure there is nothing in the account that could be needed again). A user account can consist of numerous things, including the user’s home … Read more

There are several ways to append text or new lines to a file using the Bash command line. The majority of them use the double >> to redirect output from another command (such as “echo” or “printf“) into the designated file. An alternative method, using “tee“, can be used when your new text is already available from another input source – usually another text file. Whenever you use any of the redirection methods, always take care not to mistype a single arrow > when you … Read more

Almost eight out of ten websites use PHP (according to W3Techs) and most are WordPress sites – yet 64% are using old versions no longer officially supported. Considering the latest versions are faster and safer from hacking, it makes sense for every webmaster to keep on top of updates. At the time of writing, the latest version of PHP is 7.4.8, and version 8.0.0 is in alpha. The catch with upgrading is that new conflicts can arise, usually from code that has only been tested … Read more

What Is A Git Remote? A remote within the control system Git is a common repository utilized by all users when exchanging changes that have been made. The git remote is essentially a pointer referring to a cloned version of the user’s project that is typically hosted remotely, such as on another network or a remote server. The remote repository is given the shorthand convention ‘origin’, which you may see referenced in the commands. If you’re working within a group on a project, multiple remotes … Read more

If you’re looking to archive your files and directories, regardless of your OS, “zip” is the format that is most popular and supported by the largest number of clients and operating systems. In this tutorial, we’ll go over how to use the applications in Linux to compress files and directories. The zip file format supports lossless data compression. Its origins go back to 1993, designed by Phil Katz of PKWARE and Gary Conway of Infinity Design Concepts. Compressing your data has multiple benefits, namely: less … Read more

Restricted shells like rssh and scponly give sysadmin the possibility to limit the operations that Linux user can do, for example you can create user that will be allowed to copy files via scp but won’t be permitted to login into system’s command line. This is quite important security feature that should be considered by every sysadmin to prevent unauthorized activity by users for example over SSH. If you have some online storage that is used for uploading backup data over scp or rsync/ssh from remote hosts then … Read more