Programming

This article will explain the map() function in Python and show you how to use it. The Python map() function applies a given function for all items in an iterable (iterables are things like lists, dictionaries, sets, or tuples – collections containing items that can be looped over). The syntax and code in this article will work for both Python 2 and Python 3. Syntax for Python map() The map() function is built into Python, so nothing needs to be imported. Here’s the syntax: map(FUNCTION, ITERABLE) Note that: FUNCTION is a standard … Read more

This article will show you how to use the Python reduce() function to aggregate data from values in an iterable (iterables are things like lists, dictionaries, sets, or tuples – collections containing items that can be looped over) and reduce them to a single accumulated value. The code and examples in this tutorial will work in Python 3. Syntax for Python reduce() functools.reduce(FUNCTION, ITERABLE[, INITIALIZER]) Note that: FUNCTION is a standard Python function, previously defined in your code It should accept two parameters The first parameter is the current accumulated value up until this point … Read more

This article will explain how to use recursion in Python functions, with some example code to illustrate the concept. A recursive function is a function which calls itself one or more times until a condition is met. If a function that uses recursion calls itself too many times, Python will throw an error. As this is a demonstration of a code structure rather than anything with any specific syntax, I’ll show a simple example of a recursive function and leave comments explaining what is going on. Python … Read more

This tutorial covers converting Bytes to a string variable (and a string to Bytes) in Python versions 2 and 3. What is the difference between a string and a byte string? A string is a series of characters. When stored on disk, the characters are converted to a series of bytes. What series of bytes represents what character is defined by the character encoding. When a string is stored to disk, it is converted to bytes (encoding). When it is read back into a program, the bytes must be converted back to a … Read more