Shell

Bash/Shell Script to Send Email In Linux – Howto, Example

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Sending Emails from Bash/Command Line

This article will show you several ways to send an email from the Linux command line/shell – as well as from Bash/Shell scripts. Why would you want to send an email from the command line? Probably not to communicate – most people use an email client with a nice user interface to send messages to each other day to day – but you may want to have your computer send an email notification when a task completes or when an event occurs. Such email alerts … Read more

How to Format a USB Drive From the Linux Shell

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Format USB Drive in Linux

This article will show you how to format a USB stick or external USB hard drive from the Linux command line/shell for FAT, NTFS, and EXT file systems. Plug In the Drive The first step – plug in your USB stick or external hard drive and give it a few moments to be detected. Find the Drive Next, find the drive you just plugged in using the fdisk command to list (-l) the attached storage devices: sudo fdisk -l We’ll be using the sudo command frequently – many of … Read more

Mount a USB Stick/Drive in Linux [HowTo, Tutorial]

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Mount a USB Drive in Linux

This tutorial will show you how to mount and access a USB stick or external USB hard drive on Linux. Most desktop Linux distributions will automatically mount USB drives show them in their file explorer, but lightweight and server distributions may not include this functionality – either because it’s considered unnecessary or because the typical user of said distribution wants to be able to do manage those tasks themselves. Modern Linux distributions should all include drivers for USB sticks and external drives, so it’s just … Read more

tee Command in Linux – Split Shell Output [Examples]

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Linux tee Command

The tee command in the Linux Shell/command line splits the output of an application – sending output to both a file and STDOUT (the console or another application). Here’s how to use it. The tee command is named for a T-splitter used in plumbing – a pipe that redirects water from a single source in two directions. tee Command Syntax tee is a command with a simple purpose and simple syntax: tee OPTIONS FILE Note that: OPTIONS is a list of options from the below table FILE is the path to … Read more

The uniq Command In Linux – Tutorial and Examples

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Linux uniq Command

This article will explain how to use the uniq command in Linux to find or filter repeated lines in files and provide some usage examples. The uniq command is a simple command which either outputs or omits repeated lines in the supplied input or file. uniq Command Syntax The syntax for the uniq command is as follows: uniq OPTIONS INPUT OUTPUT Note that: OPTIONS is a list of options from the below table INPUT should be the path to the file to be read *Standard input *can also be used OUTPUT should be … Read more

Delete Files Older Than X Days/Hours in Bash [Examples]

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Bash Deleting Files Older Than X

This article will show you how to delete files older than a given number of days (or hours/minutes) manually or automatically via a Bash script. Examples included. Removing files older than a certain number of days (or minutes, or hours) makes use of two Linux commands – rm and find. Deleting Files with rm First up, the rm command. The rm command is used to remove files and directories in Linux. Here’s a whole article about how it’s used: rm Command in Linux [With Examples] Passing a Filtered List of Files to rm The next … Read more

Bash Aliases – What They Are and How To Use Them

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Bash Aliases

If you live in the Linux Shell/Terminal, aliases are a massive timesaver. Here’s how to create your own Bash aliases, with examples. What is an Alias in Bash/Linux Shell? An alias is a shortcut to a longer command. It’s similar to a keyboard shortcut – like the CTRL + C key combination is a shortcut to the copy command in many graphical operating systems (saving the time in dragging your mouse across the screen and clicking multiple menus to reach the command), aliases are shortcuts to longer terminal commands (saving time typing out the full … Read more

Remove/Delete Files/Directories in Linux with rm

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Linux rm Remove File Directory

This article will outline how to delete files and directories in Linux with the rm command and give example usage. The rm Command in Linux Files and directories can be deleted from the shell/command line in Linux using the rm command. rm Command Syntax rm OPTIONS FILES Note that: OPTIONS is a list of options from the below table FILES is a list of files or directories (if the -r option is specified) to be removed Multiple files or directories can be specified, separated by spaces Options Here are the most commonly used options for … Read more

Move Files With the mv Command in Linux, With Examples

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Linux Move File mv

This article will walk you through moving files in Linux with the mv command, with examples and tips on moving files safely. mv Syntax Moving files is done using the mv command, which has the following syntax mv OPTIONS SOURCE DESTINATION Note that: OPTIONS is a list of options from the below table SOURCE is the path to the file you wish to move DESTINATION is the path to the destination you want to move the file 2 This can include a new file name or simply be the path to a … Read more

Exiting Bash Scripts with the exit Command, With Examples

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Bash Exit Script

Bash/Shell scripts usually run sequentially until all of the code in the file has been executed. The exit command will exit the script before this based on conditions of your choosing. exit Command Syntax Here’s the syntax for the exit command, which can be used in Bash/Shell scripts: exit STATUS Note that: STATUS is an optional parameter that sets the exit status of the script The exit status tells other programs whether the script executed successfully or not It will default to either 0 or the exit status of the last command executed by … Read more